Muri 2021, kubaka no guteza imbere umuyoboro wa 5G ku isi wageze ku bikorwa bikomeye.Nk’uko imibare yashyizwe ahagaragara na GSA muri Kanama ibivuga, abashoramari barenga 175 bo mu bihugu no mu turere dusaga 70 batangije serivisi z’ubucuruzi 5G.Hari abakora 285 bashora imari muri 5G.Umuvuduko w’ubwubatsi wa 5G mu Bushinwa uri ku isonga ry’isi.Umubare wa sitasiyo ya 5G mu Bushinwa warenze miliyoni, ugera ku buryo butangaje 1159000, bingana na 70% byisi.Muyandi magambo, kuri buri sitasiyo eshatu za 5G kwisi, ebyiri ziri mubushinwa.
Sitasiyo ya 5G
Gukomeza kunoza ibikorwa remezo bya 5G byihutishije kugwa kwa 5G kuri interineti y’abaguzi na interineti y’inganda.By'umwihariko mu nganda zihagaritse, mu Bushinwa hari ibibazo birenga 10000 5G bikoreshwa mu Bushinwa, bikubiyemo imirima myinshi nk'inganda zikora inganda, ingufu n'ingufu, ibyambu, ibirombe, ibikoresho n'ibikoresho.
Ntagushidikanya ko 5G yabaye intwaro ityaye yo guhindura imibare yibikorwa byimbere mu gihugu na moteri yo guteza imbere ubuziranenge bwubukungu bwa digitale muri societe yose.
Ariko, mugihe porogaramu ya 5G yihuta, tuzasanga ikoranabuhanga rya 5G risanzwe ryatangiye kwerekana imiterere y "ubushobozi buke" mubihe bimwe bidasanzwe byo gukoresha inganda.Kubijyanye nigipimo, ubushobozi, gutinda no kwizerwa, ntishobora kuba yujuje 100% byibisabwa.
Kubera iki?Ese 5G, itegerejwe cyane nabantu, iracyagoye kuba inshingano ikomeye?
Birumvikana ko atari byo.Impamvu nyamukuru ituma 5G "idahagije" nuko dukoresha "igice cya 5G" gusa.
Nizera ko abantu benshi bazi ko nubwo igipimo cya 5G aricyo cyonyine, hariho imirongo ibiri yumurongo.Imwe yitwa sub-6 GHz band, naho intera yumurongo iri munsi ya 6GHz (neza, munsi ya 7.125Ghz).Ibindi byitwa milimetero yumurongo wa bande, kandi intera yumurongo iri hejuru ya 24GHz.
Kugereranya urutonde rwibice bibiri byinshyi
Kugeza ubu, 5G gusa ya sub-6 GHz ya bande iraboneka mubushinwa, kandi nta 5G yubucuruzi bwa milimetero yubucuruzi.Kubwibyo, ingufu zose za 5G ntizasohotse rwose.
Ibyiza bya tekinike ya milimetero
Nubwo 5G muri sub-6 GHz band na 5G muri milimetero yumurongo wa 5G, hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mubiranga imikorere.
Ukurikije ubumenyi mubitabo bya fiziki yo mumashuri yisumbuye, niko inshuro nyinshi yumurongo wa elegitoroniki ya elegitoroniki ya electronique, niko bigabanya uburebure bwumuraba, nubushobozi bwo gutandukana.Byongeye kandi, uko inshuro nyinshi, niko gutakaza igihombo kinini.Kubwibyo, 5G ikwirakwizwa rya milimetero yumurongo wa bande biragaragara ko ifite intege nke kurenza iyambere.Ninimpamvu nyamukuru ituma nta bucuruzi bwa milimetero yubucuruzi bwambere mubushinwa, kandi niyo mpamvu ituma abantu bibaza umuraba wa milimetero.
Mubyukuri, ibitekerezo byimbitse kandi ukuri kwiki kibazo ntabwo bihuye neza nibitekerezo bya buri wese.Muyandi magambo, mubyukuri dufite urwikekwe rutari rwo kuri milimetero.
Mbere ya byose, duhereye ku ikoranabuhanga, tugomba kugira ubwumvikane, ni ukuvuga, hashingiwe ko nta mpinduramatwara ihinduka mu myumvire y'itumanaho iriho, niba dushaka kurushaho kunoza igipimo cy'umuyoboro n'umuyoboro mugari, dushobora gukora gusa ikibazo kuri specran.
Gushakisha umutungo ukungahaye kumurongo mwinshi ni amahitamo byanze bikunze mugutezimbere ikoranabuhanga ryitumanaho rigendanwa.Ibi nukuri kuri milimetero yumurongo ubungubu na terahertz ishobora gukoreshwa kuri 6G mugihe kizaza.
Igishushanyo mbonera cya milimetero yumuraba
Kugeza ubu, itsinda rya sub-6 GHz rifite umurongo ntarengwa wa 100MHz (ndetse 10MHz cyangwa 20MHz ahantu hamwe mu mahanga).Biragoye cyane kugera ku gipimo cya 5Gbps cyangwa na 10Gbps.
Umuyoboro wa milimetero 5G ugera kuri 200mhz-800mhz, bigatuma byoroha cyane kugera ku ntego zavuzwe haruguru.
Ntabwo hashize igihe kinini, muri Kanama 2021, Qualcomm yifatanije na ZTE kugirango ibone 5G SA ihuza (nr-dc) bwa mbere mubushinwa.Ukurikije umuyoboro wa 200MHz muri 26ghz milimetero yumurongo wumurongo hamwe na 100MHz mugace ka 3.5GHz, Qualcomm yakoranye kugirango igere kumukoresha umwe wamanutse hejuru ya 2.43gbps.
Ibigo byombi kandi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gukusanya abitwara kugirango bagere ku mukoresha umwe ugabanya umuvuduko wa hejuru wa 5Gbps ushingiye ku miyoboro ine itwara 200MHz mu muyoboro wa milimetero 26ghz.
Muri kamena uyu mwaka, mu imurikagurisha rya MWC Barcelona, Qualcomm yabonye igipimo cyo hejuru kigera kuri 10.5Gbps ikoresheje Xiaolong X65, 8-Umuyoboro wa 8 ushingiye kuri milimetero n261 (umurongo umwe utwara umurongo wa 100MHz) hamwe n’umuvuduko wa 100MHz mu itsinda rya n77.Iki nigipimo cyihuta cyitumanaho rya selile muruganda.
Umuyoboro umwe wa 100MHz na 200MHz urashobora kugera kuriyi ngaruka.Mugihe kizaza, gishingiye ku bwikorezi bumwe 400MHz na 800MHz, nta gushidikanya ko buzagera ku gipimo kirenze 10Gbps!
Usibye kwiyongera gukabije kw'igipimo, ikindi cyiza cya milimetero umuraba ni ugutinda hasi.
Kubera intera ya subcarrier, gutinda kwa milimetero 5G birashobora kuba kimwe cya kane cya sub-6ghz.Ukurikije igenzura ryakozwe,
gutambuka kwikirere gutinda kwa milimetero 5G birashobora kuba 1ms, naho gutinda-urugendo-bishobora kuba 4ms, nibyiza.
Inyungu ya gatatu ya milimetero nubunini bwayo.
Uburebure bwumurambararo wa milimetero ni bugufi cyane, antenne yayo rero ni ngufi cyane.Muri ubu buryo, ingano yibikoresho bya milimetero irashobora kugabanuka kandi ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwo kwishyira hamwe.Ingorabahizi kubakora gukora ibicuruzwa iragabanuka, bifasha mugutezimbere miniaturizasiyo ya sitasiyo fatizo.
Millimetero ya antenne (ibice byumuhondo ni antenna oscillator)
Hafi ya antenne nini nini cyane hamwe na antenna oscillator nyinshi nazo zifite akamaro kanini mugukoresha urumuri.Imirasire ya milimetero antenna irashobora gukina kure kandi ifite imbaraga zikomeye zo kurwanya-kwivanga, bifasha mugukemura ibibazo byo gukwirakwiza.
Kurenza ibinyeganyega, bigabanya urumuri kandi intera ndende
Inyungu ya kane ya milimetero ni ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhagarara neza.
Ubushobozi bwimyanya ya sisitemu idafite aho ihuriye nuburebure bwayo.Mugihe kigufi cyumuraba, niko imyanya ihagaze neza.
Umwanya wa milimetero urashobora kuba ukuri kurwego rwa santimetero cyangwa munsi.Niyo mpamvu imodoka nyinshi ubu zikoresha milimetero ya radar.
Tumaze kuvuga ibyiza bya milimetero, reka dusubire inyuma tuvuge ibibi bya milimetero.
Ikoranabuhanga iryo ariryo ryose (Itumanaho) rifite ibyiza byaryo nibibi.Ikibi cya milimetero ni uko ifite intege nke zo kwinjira no gukwirakwizwa.
Mbere, twavuze ko milimetero ishobora kuzamura intera ikwirakwizwa no kumurika.Muyandi magambo, imbaraga zumubare munini wa antenne zegeranijwe mucyerekezo runaka, kugirango uzamure ibimenyetso mubyerekezo runaka.
Noneho milimetero yumurongo ikoresha antenne yunguka cyane kugirango ihangane ningendo igenda ikoresheje tekinoroji ya beam.Ukurikije ibisubizo bifatika, igereranya ryerekana gushyigikira urumuri ruto rushobora gutsinda neza igihombo kinini cyumuhanda mugari wa 24GHz.
Inyungu nyinshi ziyobora antenne array
Usibye kumurika, milimetero yumuraba wibiti byinshi birashobora no kumenya neza guhinduranya ibiti, kuyobora ibiti no gukurikirana ibiti.
Guhinduranya ibiti bisobanura ko itumanaho rishobora guhitamo ibiti byiza byabakandida kugirango bahindure neza muburyo buhoraho kugirango bahindure ibimenyetso byiza.
Kuyobora umurongo bisobanura ko itumanaho rishobora guhindura icyerekezo cyo hejuru kugirango gihuze ibyerekezo byerekanwe kuva gnodeb.
Gukurikirana ibiti bisobanura ko itumanaho rishobora gutandukanya ibiti bitandukanye na gnodeb.Igiti gishobora kugenda hamwe na terefone, kugirango ugere kuri antenne ikomeye.
Millimetero yumurongo wongerewe ubushobozi bwo kuyobora imiyoborere irashobora kunoza neza ibimenyetso byokwizerwa no kugera kubimenyetso bikomeye.
Umuhengeri wa milimetero urashobora kandi gufata inzira zitandukanye kugirango ukemure ikibazo cyo guhagarika binyuze muburyo butandukanye kandi butambitse.
Ingaruka yo kwigana kwerekana inzira zitandukanye
Kuruhande rwa terminal, itandukanyirizo rya antenna irashobora kandi kunoza ubwizerwe bwikimenyetso, kugabanya ikibazo cyo guhagarika intoki, no kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa numukoresha utabishaka.
Kwigana ingaruka zo kwerekana imiterere itandukanye
Mu ncamake, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwikoranabuhanga rya milimetero yerekana uburyo butandukanye hamwe ninzira zitandukanye, ubwinshi bwumuraba wa milimetero bwaratejwe imbere cyane kandi umurongo utagaragara (NLOS) wamenyekanye hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.Kubijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga, milimetero yumurongo yakemuye icyuho cyabanjirije kandi igenda ikura, ishobora kuzuza ibyifuzo byubucuruzi.
Ku bijyanye n'uruhererekane rw'inganda, 5Gmilimetero umuyaga nayo irakuze cyane kuruta uko ubitekereza.
Mu kwezi gushize, Fuchang Li, umuyobozi w'ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’ikoranabuhanga ridafite insinga mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’Ubushinwa Unicom, yasobanuye neza ko "kuri ubu, ubushobozi bw’inganda za milimetero zimaze gukura."
Mu imurikagurisha rya MWC Shanghai mu ntangiriro z'umwaka, abashoramari bo mu gihugu na bo bagize bati: "ku nkunga ya spekiteri, ibipimo nganda n'inganda, umuraba wa milimetero wateye imbere mu bucuruzi. Kugeza mu 2022, 5Gmilimetero izagira ubushobozi bunini bw'ubucuruzi. "
Millimetero yumurongo wasabye
Tumaze kurangiza ibyiza bya tekinike ya milimetero, reka turebe ibintu byihariye bikoreshwa.
Nkuko twese tubizi, ikintu cyingenzi cyo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ni "guteza imbere imbaraga no kwirinda intege nke".Muyandi magambo, tekinoroji igomba gukoreshwa mubihe bishobora gutanga umukino wuzuye kubyiza byayo.
Ibyiza bya milimetero 5G ni igipimo, ubushobozi no gutinda.Kubwibyo, birakwiriye cyane kubibuga byindege, sitasiyo, theatre, gymnasium nahandi hantu hatuwe cyane, hamwe n’inganda zihagaritse zumva neza gutinda kwigihe, nko gukora inganda, kugenzura kure, interineti yimodoka nibindi.
Kubireba imirima yihariye ikoreshwa, ukuri kugaragara, kwihuta cyane, gukoresha inganda, ubuzima bwubuvuzi, ubwikorezi bwubwenge, nibindi byose ni ahantu hashobora gukoreshwa umuyaga wa milimetero 5G.
Gukoresha interineti.
Kubakoresha bisanzwe kugiti cyabo, icyifuzo kinini cyinshi gituruka kuri videwo kandi icyifuzo kinini cyo gutinda kiva mumikino.Ikoranabuhanga rya VR / AR (ukuri kugaragara / kwongerewe ukuri) gusabwa ibintu bibiri kugirango umurongo mugari no gutinda.
Tekinoroji ya VR / AR iratera imbere byihuse, harimo na metauniverse iherutse gushyuha, nayo ifitanye isano rya bugufi.
Kugirango ubone uburambe bwuzuye kandi ukureho burundu umutwe, amashusho ya VR agomba kuba hejuru ya 8K (ndetse na 16K na 32K), kandi gutinda bigomba kuba muri 7ms.Ntagushidikanya ko umuhengeri wa milimetero 5G aribwo buryo bukwiye bwo gukoresha itumanaho ridafite insinga.
Qualcomm na Ericsson bakoze ikizamini cya XR gishingiye kuri milimetero 5G ya milimetero, bazana ama frame 90 kumasegonda na 2K kuri buri mukoresha experience XR uburambe bwa 2K, hamwe no gutinda munsi ya 20m, hamwe nimpuzandengo yo kugabanuka irenga 50Mbps.
Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byerekana ko gnodeb imwe gusa ifite umurongo wa 100MHz ya sisitemu ishobora gushyigikira 5G kugera kubakoresha batandatu XR icyarimwe.Hamwe ninkunga ya 5G ibiranga ejo hazaza, biratanga ikizere cyo gushyigikira icyarimwe kubakoresha barenga 12.
Ikizamini cya XR
Ubundi buryo bwingenzi bwo gukoresha ibintu bya milimetero 5G hejuru kubakoresha C-amaherezo ni ugutambuka kwerekanwa kumikino minini.
Muri Gashyantare 2021, imikino yanyuma yumupira wamaguru wabanyamerika "super Bowl" yabereye kuri Stade Raymond James.
Abifashijwemo na Qualcomm, Verizon, uzwi cyane mu bucuruzi bwo muri Amerika, yubatse sitade muri stade ya interineti yihuta ku isi akoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya milimetero 5G.
Mu marushanwa, umuyoboro wa milimetero 5G watwaye hejuru ya 4.5tb yimodoka zose.Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, igipimo cyo hejuru cyari hejuru ya 3gbps, hafi inshuro 20 za 4G LTE.
Kubijyanye na uplink umuvuduko, iki gikombe cyikirenga nikintu cyambere cyambere kwisi ukoresheje 5G milimetero ya wave uplink yohereza.Imiterere ya milimetero yimiterere iroroshye, kandi igipimo cyo kuzamura no kumanura ikigereranyo kirashobora guhinduka kugirango ugere kumurongo wo hejuru.
Ukurikije amakuru yo mu murima, ndetse no mu masaha yo hejuru, milimetero 5G yihuta irenga 50% kurusha 4G LTE.Hifashishijwe ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kuzamuka, abafana barashobora kohereza amafoto na videwo kugirango basangire ibihe byiza byumukino.
Verizon yakoze kandi porogaramu yo gushyigikira abafana kureba imiyoboro 7 yerekana imikino ya Live Live icyarimwe, kandi kamera 7 zerekana imikino muburyo butandukanye.
Mu 2022, imikino ya Olempike ya 24 izatangira i Beijing.Muri kiriya gihe, ntihazaba gusa uburyo bwo kubona no gukenera ibinyabiziga bizanwa na terefone igendanwa, ariko kandi hazakenerwa amakuru yo kugaruka azanwa no gutangaza amakuru.By'umwihariko, imiyoboro myinshi ya 4K HD yerekana amashusho hamwe na kamera yerekana amashusho ya kamera (ikoreshwa mukureba VR) bitera ikibazo gikomeye kumurongo woguhuza umurongo wa terefone igendanwa.
Mu rwego rwo gukemura ibyo bibazo, Ubushinwa Unicom burateganya gusubiza byimazeyo hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya milimetero 5G.
Muri Gicurasi uyu mwaka, ZTE, Ubushinwa Unicom na Qualcomm bakoze ikizamini.Ukoresheje milimetero 5G ya milimetero + nini ya uplink ikadiri yimiterere, 8K ya videwo yakusanyirijwe mugihe nyacyo irashobora koherezwa inyuma, kandi amaherezo yakiriwe neza kandi igakinirwa inyuma yo kwakira.
Reka turebere hamwe vertical inganda zikoreshwa.
Umuhengeri wa milimetero 5G ufite uburyo bwagutse bwo gusaba muri tob.
Mbere ya byose, VR / AR yavuzwe haruguru irashobora no gukoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda.
Kurugero, injeniyeri arashobora gukora igenzura rya kure ryibikoresho ahantu hatandukanye binyuze muri AR, gutanga ubuyobozi bwa kure kubashakashatsi ahantu hatandukanye, kandi bagakora ibicuruzwa byemerwa ahantu hatandukanye.Mugihe cyicyorezo, izi porogaramu zirashobora gufasha ibigo gukemura ibibazo bifatika no kugabanya cyane ibiciro.
Reba porogaramu isubiza amashusho.Ubu imirongo myinshi yo gukora uruganda yashyizeho kamera nyinshi, harimo na kamera zisobanurwa neza kugirango zigenzurwe neza.Izi kamera zifata umubare munini wibisobanuro bihanitse byibicuruzwa byo gusesengura inenge.
Kurugero, COMAC ikora isesengura ryicyuma kumasoko yibicuruzwa hamwe no gutera hejuru muri ubu buryo.Amafoto amaze gufatwa, agomba koherezwa kubicu cyangwa MEC edge computing platform, hamwe n'umuvuduko wo hejuru wa 700-800mbps.Ifata milimetero 5G nini nini ya uplink yimiterere, ishobora gukemurwa byoroshye.
Ubundi buryo bufitanye isano rya hafi na tekinoroji ya milimetero 5G ni imodoka ya AGV idafite abadereva.
Umuhengeri wa milimetero 5G ushyigikira imikorere ya AGV
AGV mubyukuri ni miniaturized idafite abadereva.Umwanya wa AGV, kugendagenda, guteganya no kwirinda inzitizi bifite ibisabwa byinshi byo gutinda kwurusobe no kwizerwa, kimwe nibisabwa cyane kubushobozi bwo guhagarara neza.Umubare munini wikarita yigihe-ivugurura ya AGV nayo ishyira imbere ibisabwa kumurongo mugari.
Umuhengeri wa milimetero 5G urashobora kuzuza byuzuye ibisabwa hejuru ya AGV yo gusaba.
Muri Mutarama 2020, Ericsson na Audi bagerageje neza imikorere ya 5G urllc hamwe nogukoresha inganda zikoresha inganda zishingiye kuri milimetero 5G muri laboratoire y'uruganda i Kista, Suwede.
Muri byo, bafatanije kubaka robot, ihujwe na milimetero 5G.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo kiri hejuru, iyo ukuboko kwa robo gukora ibizunguruka, umwenda wa laser urashobora kurinda uruhande rufungura igice cyimashini.Niba abakozi bo mu ruganda bageze, hashingiwe ku kwizerwa kwinshi kwa 5G urllc, robot izahita ihagarika gukora kugirango yirinde gukomeretsa abakozi.
Iki gisubizo ako kanya kugirango wizere ko bidashoboka muri Wi Fi gakondo cyangwa 4G.
Urugero ruvuzwe haruguru ni igice gusa cyo gusaba ibintu bya milimetero 5G.Usibye interineti yinganda, milimetero 5G irakomeye mukubaga kure mubuvuzi bwubwenge kandi idafite umushoferi kuri enterineti.
Nka tekinoroji yateye imbere ifite ibyiza byinshi nkigipimo cyo hejuru, ubushobozi bunini, gutinda umwanya muto, kwizerwa cyane hamwe nu mwanya uhagaze neza, umuraba wa milimetero 5G wakunze abantu benshi mubyiciro byose.
Umwanzuro
Ikinyejana cya 21 ni ikinyejana cyamakuru.
Agaciro nini k'ubucuruzi gakubiye mu makuru yamenyekanye n'isi.Muri iki gihe, inganda hafi ya zose zirimo gushakisha isano hagati yazo na data no kugira uruhare mu bucukuzi bw'agaciro.
Tekinoroji ya enterineti ihagarariwe na 5Gna tekinoroji yo kubara ihagarariwe na comptabilite, amakuru manini n'ubwenge bwa artile nibikoresho byingirakamaro mugucukura amakuru.
Gukoresha byuzuye 5G, cyane cyane muri milimetero yumurongo wa milimetero, bihwanye no kumenya "urufunguzo rwa zahabu" rwo guhindura imibare, idashobora gusa kumenya udushya twinshi two kongera umusaruro, ariko kandi ntishobora gutsindwa mumarushanwa akaze mugihe kizaza.
Mu ijambo, ikoranabuhanga n'inganda za 5Gmilimetero umuraba umaze gukura neza.Na Porogaramu ya5Ginganda zinjira buhoro buhoro ahantu h'amazi maremare, dukwiye kongera ingufu mubucuruzi bwimbere mu gihugu5Gmilimetero umuraba no kumenya iterambere rihuriweho na sub-6 na milimetero.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-14-2021
