Umuhengeri wa milimetero.Bivugwa nkitsinda ryinshi cyane (EHF) nitsinda mpuzamahanga ryitumanaho (ITU).Imiraba ya milimetero iri hagati ya microwave na infragre yimivumba murwego rwo hejuru kandi irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwihuse bwihuta bwitumanaho rikoresha itumanaho, nka point-to-point backhaul ihuza.
Inzira ya Macro yihutisha iterambere ryamakuru
Hamwe nogukenera kwisi kwisi kwamakuru no guhuza, imirongo yumurongo ikoreshwa mubitumanaho bidafite umugozi yarushijeho kuba myinshi, bigatuma icyifuzo cyo kugera kumurongo mugari mwinshi muri milimetero yumurongo.Inzira nyinshi za macro zihutishije ibisabwa kubushobozi bunini bwamakuru n'umuvuduko.
1. Umubare nubwoko bwamakuru yatanzwe kandi atunganywa namakuru manini ariyongera cyane buri munsi.Isi yishingikiriza ku buryo bwihuse bwo kohereza amakuru menshi ku bikoresho bitabarika buri segonda.Muri 2020, buri muntu yatanze 1.7 MB yamakuru kumasegonda.(Inkomoko: IBM).Mu ntangiriro za 2020, umubare w’amakuru ku isi wagereranijwe ni 44ZB (Ihuriro ry’ubukungu ku Isi).Muri 2025, biteganijwe ko amakuru ku isi yose azagera kuri 175 ZB.Muyandi magambo, kubika amakuru menshi nkayo bisaba miliyari 12.5 za disiki nini nini ya none.(International Data Corporation)
Dukurikije ibigereranyo by’umuryango w’abibumbye, 2007 ni umwaka wa mbere aho abaturage bo mu mijyi barenze abaturage bo mu cyaro.Iyi nzira iracyakomeza, kandi biteganijwe ko mu 2050, abarenga bibiri bya gatatu by'abatuye isi bazaba mu mijyi.Ibi byazanye umuvuduko mwinshi ku itumanaho n’ibikorwa remezo byamakuru muri utu turere dutuwe cyane.
3. Ibibazo byinshi by’isi yose hamwe n’ihungabana, kuva ku byorezo kugeza mu mvururu za politiki n’amakimbirane, bivuze ko ibihugu bigenda byifuza guteza imbere ubushobozi bwigenga kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka z’ihungabana ry’isi.Guverinoma ku isi zirizera kugabanya gushingira ku bicuruzwa biva mu tundi turere no gushyigikira iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu, ikoranabuhanga, n'ibikorwa remezo.
4. Hamwe nimbaraga zisi zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ikoranabuhanga rifungura amahirwe mashya yo kugabanya ingendo ndende za karubone.Uyu munsi, inama ninama bikunze kubera kumurongo.Ndetse n'ubuvuzi bushobora gukorerwa kure bitabaye ngombwa ko abaganga baza mu cyumba cyo kubaga.Gusa ultra yihuta, yizewe, kandi idahagarikwa amakuru yihuta yamakuru ashobora kugera kubikorwa byukuri.
Izi ngingo za macro zitera abantu gukusanya, kohereza, no gutunganya amakuru menshi kandi menshi kwisi yose, kandi bisaba no kohereza kumuvuduko mwinshi kandi hamwe nubukererwe buke.
Ni uruhe ruhare milimetero ishobora kugira?
Imirasire ya milimetero itanga umurongo mugari uhoraho, utuma amakuru yoherezwa hejuru.Kugeza ubu, imirongo ya microwave ikoreshwa mu itumanaho ryinshi ridafite insinga ziragenda zuzura kandi zigatatana, cyane cyane umurongo mugari wahariwe amashami yihariye nko kurinda, icyogajuru, n’itumanaho ryihutirwa.
Iyo wimuye spekure hejuru, igice kiboneka kidahagaritswe igice kinini kizaba kinini kandi igice cyagumanye kizaba gito.Kongera intera yumurongo byongera neza ubunini bw "umuyoboro" ushobora gukoreshwa mu kohereza amakuru, bityo ukagera kumurongo munini wamakuru.Bitewe numuyoboro munini cyane wa milimetero yumuraba, gahunda zidasanzwe zo guhinduranya zirashobora gukoreshwa mugutanga amakuru, bishobora kuganisha kuri sisitemu ifite ubukererwe buke cyane.
Ni izihe ngorane?
Hariho ibibazo bifitanye isano no kunoza urwego.Ibigize hamwe na semiconductor zisabwa kohereza no kwakira ibimenyetso kuri milimetero umuraba biragoye kubikora - kandi hariho inzira nke ziboneka.Gukora milimetero yumurongo wibice nabyo biragoye cyane kuko ni bito cyane, bisaba kwihanganira inteko ndende no gushushanya neza guhuza imiyoboro hamwe nu mwobo kugirango ugabanye igihombo kandi wirinde guhungabana.
Kwamamaza nimwe mubibazo nyamukuru byugarije ibimenyetso bya milimetero.Mugihe kinini, ibimenyetso birashobora guhagarikwa cyangwa kugabanywa nibintu bifatika nkinkuta, ibiti, ninyubako.Ahantu hubatswe, ibi bivuze ko imashini ya milimetero yakira igomba kuba hanze yinyubako kugirango ikwirakwize ibimenyetso imbere.Kugirango hahindurwe hamwe na satelite mu itumanaho ryubutaka, imbaraga nyinshi zirasabwa kohereza ibimenyetso kure.Ku butaka, intera iri hagati y-ingingo-ihuza ntishobora kurenga kilometero 1 kugeza kuri 5, aho kuba intera nini imiyoboro mike ishobora kugeraho.
Ibi bivuze, nk'urugero, mu cyaro, hakenewe sitasiyo nyinshi na antene kugira ngo wohereze ibimenyetso bya milimetero intera ndende.Gushiraho ibikorwa remezo byinyongera bisaba igihe kinini nigiciro.Mu myaka yashize, kohereza inyenyeri zo mu kirere zagerageje gukemura iki kibazo, kandi izo nyenyeri zo mu kirere zongeye gufata milimetero nk’ibanze mu myubakire yabo.
Nihehe nziza yoherejwe kuri milimetero?
Intera ngufi yo gukwirakwiza ya milimetero ituma ituma bikenerwa cyane koherezwa mumijyi ituwe cyane mumijyi ituwe cyane namakuru menshi.Ubundi buryo bwimiyoboro idafite insinga ni fibre optique.Mu mijyi, gucukura umuhanda kugirango ushyire fibre optique ihenze cyane, irasenya, kandi itwara igihe.Ibinyuranye, milimetero yumurongo irashobora gushirwaho neza hamwe nigiciro gito cyo guhagarika muminsi mike.
Igipimo cyamakuru yagezweho na milimetero yerekana ibimenyetso byagereranywa nibya fibre optique, mugihe itanga ubukererwe buke.Mugihe ukeneye amakuru yihuse cyane kandi nubukererwe buke, imiyoboro idafite insinga niyo ihitamo rya mbere - niyo mpamvu ikoreshwa muguhana ibicuruzwa aho ubukererwe bwa milisegonda bushobora kuba ingenzi.
Mu cyaro, ikiguzi cyo gushyira insinga za fibre optique akenshi kirabujijwe kubera intera irimo.Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, imiyoboro ya milimetero yumurongo nayo isaba ishoramari ryibikorwa remezo.Igisubizo cyatanzwe hano ni ugukoresha satelite yo hasi yisi (LEO) cyangwa satelite yo hejuru cyane ya pseudo (HAPS) kugirango ihuze amakuru mukarere ka kure.Imiyoboro ya LEO na HAPS bivuze ko nta mpamvu yo kwishyiriraho fibre optique cyangwa kubaka intera ngufi ya point-to-point ya rezo itagikoreshwa, mugihe ugitanga ibiciro byiza byamakuru.Itumanaho rya satelite rimaze gukoresha ibimenyetso bya milimetero yumurongo, mubisanzwe mumpera yo hasi ya spekure - Ka frequency band (27-31GHz).Hariho umwanya wo kwaguka kumurongo mwinshi, nka Q / V na E imirongo ya bande, cyane cyane kugaruka kuri data kubutaka.
Isoko ryitumanaho ryitumanaho riri mumwanya wambere muguhinduka kuva microwave kugera kuri milimetero yumurongo.Ibi biterwa nubwiyongere bwibikoresho byabaguzi (ibikoresho byabigenewe, mudasobwa zigendanwa, na interineti yibintu (IoT)) mu myaka icumi ishize, byihutishije gukenera amakuru menshi kandi yihuse.
Ubu, abakoresha icyogajuru bizeye gukurikiza urugero rwibigo byitumanaho no kwagura imikoreshereze ya milimetero muri sisitemu ya LEO na HAPS.Mbere, gakondo ya geostationary equatorial orbit (GEO) hamwe na satelite yo hagati yisi (MEO) yari kure cyane yisi kugirango ishyireho itumanaho ryabaguzi kuri milimetero yumurongo.Ariko, kwaguka kwa satelite ya LEO noneho bituma bishoboka gushiraho imiyoboro ya milimetero no gushiraho imiyoboro ihanitse ikenewe kwisi yose.
Izindi nganda nazo zifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoresha tekinoroji ya milimetero.Mu nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, ibinyabiziga byigenga bisaba guhora byihuta byihuta kandi byihuta byamakuru kugirango bikore neza.Mu rwego rwubuvuzi, ultra yihuta kandi yizewe yamakuru azakenerwa kugirango ababaga babaga kure kugirango bakore inzira zubuvuzi.
Imyaka icumi ya Millimetero Wave Guhanga
Filtronic ninzobere mu buhanga bwogutumanaho amakuru ya milimetero mu Bwongereza.Turi umwe mubigo bike mubwongereza bishobora gushushanya no gukora ibice byitumanaho rya milimetero bigezweho murwego runini.Dufite injeniyeri za RF imbere (harimo ninzobere za milimetero) dukeneye gutekereza, gushushanya, no guteza imbere tekinoroji nshya ya milimetero.
Mu myaka icumi ishize, twakoranye n’amasosiyete akomeye y’itumanaho rya terefone igendanwa kugira ngo dutezimbere urukurikirane rwa microwave na milimetero ya transceiver, ibyuma byongera ingufu, hamwe na sisitemu yo gusubiza inyuma imiyoboro.Ibicuruzwa byacu biheruka gukorera muri E-band, itanga igisubizo gishoboka cyo guhuza imbaraga zidasanzwe zo kugaburira mu itumanaho rya satelite.Mu myaka icumi ishize, yagiye ihinduka buhoro buhoro kandi inozwa, igabanya uburemere nigiciro, kunoza imikorere, no kunoza imikorere yinganda kugirango umusaruro wiyongere.Isosiyete ikora ibyogajuru irashobora kwirinda imyaka yo kwipimisha imbere no kwiteza imbere hifashishijwe ubu buryo bwogukoresha ikibanza cyoherejwe.
Twiyemeje kuza ku isonga mu guhanga udushya, dushiraho ikoranabuhanga imbere no gufatanya guteza imbere ibikorwa rusange byo gukora.Twama tuyobora isoko muguhanga udushya kugirango tumenye neza ko ikoranabuhanga ryacu ryiteguye koherezwa nkuko inzego zishinzwe kugenzura zifungura imirongo mishya.
Tumaze guteza imbere tekinoroji ya W-band na D-band kugirango duhangane n’umubyigano hamwe n’amakuru menshi muri E-band mu myaka iri imbere.Dukorana nabakiriya binganda kugirango tubafashe kubaka inyungu zipiganwa binyuze mumafaranga yinjiza mugihe imirongo mishya yumurongo ifunguye.
Niyihe ntambwe ikurikira kuri milimetero?
Ikigereranyo cyo gukoresha amakuru kizatera imbere gusa mu cyerekezo kimwe, kandi ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku makuru naryo rihora ritera imbere.Ukuri kwagutse kwarageze, kandi ibikoresho bya IoT bigenda bigaragara hose.Usibye gukoreshwa mu gihugu, ibintu byose uhereye mubikorwa bikomeye byinganda kugeza kuri peteroli na gaze hamwe ninganda za nucleaire bigenda byerekeza kuri tekinoroji ya IoT kugirango ikurikiranwe kure - bigabanya gukenera intoki mugihe ikora ibyo bigo bigoye.Intsinzi yibi nibindi byiterambere byikoranabuhanga bizaterwa nubwizerwe, umuvuduko, nubwiza bwurusobe rwamakuru abashyigikira - na milimetero imiraba itanga ubushobozi bukenewe.
Imiraba ya milimetero ntabwo yagabanije akamaro ka frequence iri munsi ya 6GHz murwego rwitumanaho ridafite umugozi.Ibinyuranyo, ninyongera yingirakamaro kuri specran, ituma porogaramu zitandukanye zitangwa neza, cyane cyane izisaba paki nini zamakuru, ubukererwe buke, hamwe nubucucike buri hejuru.
Ikibazo cyo gukoresha milimetero kugirango ugere kubiteganijwe n'amahirwe ya tekinoroji nshya ijyanye namakuru arashimishije.Ariko hariho n'ingorane.
Amabwiriza ni ikibazo.Ntibishoboka ko winjira murwego rwo hejuru rwa milimetero yumurongo kugeza igihe ubuyobozi bubishinzwe butanze impushya zo gusaba.Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ubwiyongere bukabije bwibisabwa bivuze ko abagenzuzi bafite igitutu cyinshi cyo kurekura ibintu byinshi kugirango birinde umuvuduko no kwivanga.Isaranganya rya sprifike hagati yimikorere itajenjetse hamwe nibikorwa bifatika nka satelite yubumenyi bwikirere nabyo bisaba ibiganiro byingenzi kubisabwa mubucuruzi, bizemerera imirongo migari nini kandi ikomeza umurongo utimukiye muri Aziya ya Pasifika Hz.
Iyo ukoresheje amahirwe atangwa numuyoboro mushya, ni ngombwa kugira tekinoroji ikwiye yo guteza imbere itumanaho ryinshi.Niyo mpamvu Filtronic irimo guteza imbere tekinoroji ya W-band na D-band ejo hazaza.Niyo mpamvu kandi dufatanya na kaminuza, za guverinoma, ninganda kugirango duteze imbere ubumenyi nubumenyi mubice bisabwa kugirango duhuze ibyifuzo byikoranabuhanga bitazwi.Niba Ubwongereza bugomba gufata iyambere mugutezimbere imiyoboro y'itumanaho ku isi, igomba guhuza ishoramari rya leta mubice bikwiye by'ikoranabuhanga rya RF.
Nkumufatanyabikorwa muri za kaminuza, guverinoma, ninganda, Filtronic igira uruhare runini mugutezimbere ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryitumanaho rikeneye gutanga imikorere mishya hamwe nibishoboka mwisi aho amakuru akenewe cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-27-2023
