Guhitamo PCB no gutekereza ku nzibacyuho kuva microwave kugera kuri milimetero ya bande igishushanyo mbonera

Inshuro yikimenyetso mugukoresha radar yimodoka iratandukanye hagati ya 30 na 300 GHz, kabone niyo yaba 24 GHz.Hifashishijwe ibikorwa bitandukanye byumuzunguruko, ibyo bimenyetso byoherezwa binyuze muburyo butandukanye bwogukwirakwiza nkumurongo wa microstrip, imirongo ya strip, substrate ihuriweho na waveguide (SIW) hamwe na coplanar waveguide (GCPW).Ubu buryo bwo guhererekanya imirongo (Isanamu 1) busanzwe bukoreshwa kuri microwave, kandi rimwe na rimwe kuri milimetero yumurongo.Umuzunguruko wa laminate ibikoresho byakoreshejwe byumwihariko kuriyi miterere yo hejuru irakenewe.Umurongo wa Microstrip, nkuburyo bworoshye kandi bukoreshwa cyane muburyo bwogukwirakwiza imirongo yumuzunguruko, birashobora kugera ku gipimo cyo hejuru cyumuzunguruko ukoresheje tekinoroji isanzwe itunganya imizunguruko.Ariko iyo inshuro yazamuye kuri milimetero yumurongo wumurongo, ntibishobora kuba umurongo mwiza wohereza.Buri murongo wohereza ufite ibyiza byawo nibibi.Kurugero, nubwo umurongo wa microstrip byoroshye gutunganya, ugomba gukemura ikibazo cyo gutakaza imirasire myinshi mugihe ukoreshejwe kuri milimetero yumurongo.

Igishushanyo 1 Iyo uhindutse kuri milimetero yumurongo wumurongo, abashushanya umuziki wa microwave bakeneye guhura nibura nibura bine bya tekinoroji yohereza kuri microwave

Nubwo imiterere ifunguye ya microstrip umurongo yorohereza guhuza umubiri, bizanatera ibibazo bimwe na bimwe kuri frequency nyinshi.Mumurongo wa microstrip, umurongo wa electromagnetic (EM) ukwirakwira binyuze mumashanyarazi yibikoresho byumuzunguruko hamwe na dielectric substrate, ariko imiraba imwe ya electromagnetique ikwirakwira mu kirere gikikije.Bitewe nigiciro gito cya Dk yumuyaga, agaciro ka Dk yumuzunguruko kari munsi yicy'umuzunguruko, bigomba kwitabwaho mu kwigana umuzunguruko.Ugereranije na Dk nkeya, imirongo ikozwe mubikoresho byinshi bya Dk ikunda kubangamira ihererekanyabubasha rya electromagnetique kandi bikagabanya umuvuduko.Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bike byumuzunguruko wa Dk mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya milimetero.

Kuberako hari urwego runaka rwingufu za electromagnetic mu kirere, umuzenguruko wa microstrip uzunguruka hanze mu kirere, bisa na antene.Ibi bizatera imirasire idakenewe kumurongo wa microstrip, kandi igihombo kiziyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshuro, ibyo kandi bizana imbogamizi kubashushanya umuziki wiga umurongo wa microstrip kugirango bagabanye gutakaza imirasire yumuzunguruko.Kugirango ugabanye imirasire, imirongo ya microstrip irashobora guhimbwa nibikoresho byumuzunguruko bifite agaciro ka Dk.Ariko, kwiyongera kwa Dk bizadindiza umuvuduko wikwirakwizwa rya electromagnetic (ugereranije numwuka), bitera ibimenyetso byerekana ihinduka.Ubundi buryo nukugabanya igihombo cyimirasire ukoresheje ibikoresho byumuzunguruko byoroshye gutunganya imirongo ya microstrip.Ariko, ugereranije nibikoresho byizunguruka cyane, ibikoresho byumuzunguruko byoroshye birashobora kwibasirwa ningaruka ziterwa nubutaka bwumuringa, ibyo nabyo bizatera ihinduka ryikimenyetso runaka.

Nubwo iboneza ryumurongo wa microstrip byoroshye, umuzenguruko wa microstrip kumurongo wa milimetero umurongo ukenera kugenzura neza kwihanganira.Kurugero, ubugari bwuyobora bugomba kugenzurwa cyane, kandi ninshuro nyinshi, kwihanganira bizaba bikomeye.Kubwibyo, umurongo wa microstrip mumurongo wa milimetero yumurongo wumurongo wunvikana cyane muguhindura tekinoloji yo gutunganya, kimwe nubunini bwibikoresho bya dielectric hamwe numuringa mubikoresho, kandi ibisabwa byo kwihanganira ubunini bwumuzingi bisabwa birakomeye.

Stripline ni tekinoroji yizewe yo gukwirakwiza umurongo, ishobora kugira uruhare runini muri milimetero yumurongo.Nyamara, ugereranije numurongo wa microstrip, umuyobozi wa stripline azengurutswe nuburyo bwo hagati, ntabwo rero byoroshye guhuza umuhuza cyangwa ibindi byinjira / ibisohoka ibyambu kumurongo kugirango wohereze ibimenyetso.Umurongo urashobora gufatwa nkubwoko bwa kabili ya coaxial igororotse, aho kiyobora yazengurutswe na dielectric hanyuma igapfundikirwa na stratum.Iyi miterere irashobora gutanga ubuziranenge bwumuzunguruko wo mu bwigunge, mugihe ukomeza gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso mubikoresho byumuzunguruko (kuruta mu kirere gikikije).Umuhengeri wa electromagnetic uhora ukwirakwiza ukoresheje ibintu byumuzunguruko.Inzira ya stripline irashobora kwiganwa ukurikije ibiranga ibintu byumuzunguruko, utitaye ku ngaruka zumuriro wa electronique.Nyamara, umuyoboro wumuzenguruko uzengurutswe nuburyo bworoshye ushobora guhinduka muburyo bwo gutunganya tekinoloji, kandi imbogamizi zo kugaburira ibimenyetso bituma bigora umurongo kwihanganira, cyane cyane mubihe byubunini buto buhuza kuri milimetero yumurongo wa milimetero.Kubwibyo, usibye imirongo imwe n'imwe ikoreshwa muri radar yimodoka, imirongo isanzwe ntabwo ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya milimetero.

Kuberako hari urwego runaka rwingufu za electromagnetic mu kirere, umuzenguruko wa microstrip uzunguruka hanze mu kirere, bisa na antene.Ibi bizatera imirasire idakenewe kumurongo wa microstrip, kandi igihombo kiziyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwinshuro, ibyo kandi bizana imbogamizi kubashushanya umuziki wiga umurongo wa microstrip kugirango bagabanye gutakaza imirasire yumuzunguruko.Kugirango ugabanye imirasire, imirongo ya microstrip irashobora guhimbwa nibikoresho byumuzunguruko bifite agaciro ka Dk.Ariko, kwiyongera kwa Dk bizadindiza umuvuduko wikwirakwizwa rya electromagnetic (ugereranije numwuka), bitera ibimenyetso byerekana ihinduka.Ubundi buryo nukugabanya igihombo cyimirasire ukoresheje ibikoresho byumuzunguruko byoroshye gutunganya imirongo ya microstrip.Ariko, ugereranije nibikoresho byizunguruka cyane, ibikoresho byumuzunguruko byoroshye birashobora kwibasirwa ningaruka ziterwa nubutaka bwumuringa, ibyo nabyo bizatera ihinduka ryikimenyetso runaka.

Nubwo iboneza ryumurongo wa microstrip byoroshye, umuzenguruko wa microstrip kumurongo wa milimetero umurongo ukenera kugenzura neza kwihanganira.Kurugero, ubugari bwuyobora bugomba kugenzurwa cyane, kandi ninshuro nyinshi, kwihanganira bizaba bikomeye.Kubwibyo, umurongo wa microstrip mumurongo wa milimetero yumurongo wumurongo wunvikana cyane muguhindura tekinoloji yo gutunganya, kimwe nubunini bwibikoresho bya dielectric hamwe numuringa mubikoresho, kandi ibisabwa byo kwihanganira ubunini bwumuzingi bisabwa birakomeye.

Stripline ni tekinoroji yizewe yo gukwirakwiza umurongo, ishobora kugira uruhare runini muri milimetero yumurongo.Nyamara, ugereranije numurongo wa microstrip, umuyobozi wa stripline azengurutswe nuburyo bwo hagati, ntabwo rero byoroshye guhuza umuhuza cyangwa ibindi byinjira / ibisohoka ibyambu kumurongo kugirango wohereze ibimenyetso.Umurongo urashobora gufatwa nkubwoko bwa kabili ya coaxial igororotse, aho kiyobora yazengurutswe na dielectric hanyuma igapfundikirwa na stratum.Iyi miterere irashobora gutanga ubuziranenge bwumuzunguruko wo mu bwigunge, mugihe ukomeza gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso mubikoresho byumuzunguruko (kuruta mu kirere gikikije).Umuhengeri wa electromagnetic uhora ukwirakwiza ukoresheje ibintu byumuzunguruko.Inzira ya stripline irashobora kwiganwa ukurikije ibiranga ibintu byumuzunguruko, utitaye ku ngaruka zumuriro wa electronique.Nyamara, umuyoboro wumuzenguruko uzengurutswe nuburyo bworoshye ushobora guhinduka muburyo bwo gutunganya tekinoloji, kandi imbogamizi zo kugaburira ibimenyetso bituma bigora umurongo kwihanganira, cyane cyane mubihe byubunini buto buhuza kuri milimetero yumurongo wa milimetero.Kubwibyo, usibye imirongo imwe n'imwe ikoreshwa muri radar yimodoka, imirongo isanzwe ntabwo ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya milimetero.

Igishushanyo 2 Igishushanyo nogushushanya kwa GCPW umuyoboro wumuzunguruko ni urukiramende (hejuru yishusho), ariko kiyobora itunganyirizwa muri trapezoide (munsi yishusho), bizagira ingaruka zitandukanye kumurongo wa milimetero.

Kuri milimetero nyinshi zigaragara zumuzunguruko zikoreshwa zumva ibimenyetso byerekana igisubizo (nka radar yimodoka), ibitera guhuza ibice bigomba kugabanywa.Imirase ya milimetero yumurongo wa GCPW irashobora kwibasirwa nimpinduka mubikoresho hamwe nubuhanga bwo gutunganya, harimo impinduka mubintu Dk agaciro nubunini bwa substrate.Icya kabiri, imikorere yumuzunguruko irashobora guterwa nubunini bwumuyoboro wumuringa hamwe nubuso bwubuso bwa fayili y'umuringa.Kubwibyo, umubyimba wumuyoboro wumuringa ugomba kubikwa muburyo bwo kwihanganira byimazeyo, kandi uburinganire bwubuso bwumuringa bugomba kugabanuka.Icya gatatu, guhitamo gutwikiriye hejuru yumuzingi wa GCPW birashobora kandi kugira ingaruka kumikorere ya milimetero yumuzunguruko.Kurugero, umuzunguruko ukoresheje nikel ya chimique ya nikel ufite igihombo kinini kuruta umuringa, kandi nikel yubatswe hejuru ya nikel bizongera igihombo cya GCPW cyangwa microstrip umurongo (Ishusho 3).Hanyuma, bitewe nuburebure buke, ihinduka ryubunini bwa coating nabyo bizatera ihinduka ryibisubizo, kandi imbaraga za GCPW nini kuruta iz'umurongo wa microstrip.

Igicapo 3 Umurongo wa microstrip hamwe numuzunguruko wa GCPW byerekanwe kumashusho ukoresha ibikoresho bimwe byumuzunguruko (Rogers '8mil umubyimba RO4003C ™ Laminate), ingaruka za ENIG kumuzunguruko wa GCPW zirenze kure cyane iyo kumurongo wa microstrip kumurongo wa milimetero.