Gutobora biti, nkigikoresho gikunze gutunganywa mu mwobo, gikoreshwa cyane mu gukora imashini, cyane cyane mu gutunganya ibyobo mu bikoresho bikonjesha, amabati y’ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi hamwe n’ibindi bice.
1、Ibiranga gucukura
Imyitozo ya biti isanzwe ifite impande ebyiri zingenzi zo gukata.Mugihe cyo gutunganya, bito bito irazunguruka kandi igabanya icyarimwe.Imfuruka y'imbere ya biti iba nini kandi nini kuva kumurongo wo hagati ugana ku nkombe yo hanze, umuvuduko wo guca imyitozo bito hafi y'uruziga rwo hanze ni mwinshi, kandi umuvuduko wo kugabanya ugabanuka ugana hagati, hamwe no kugabanya umuvuduko wa drill bit izunguruka hagati ni zeru.Impera ya horizontal ya myitozo iherereye hafi ya axis ya rotary center.Impande zegeranye zifite impande nini zifasha rake, nta mwanya wa chip, n'umuvuduko muke wo kugabanya, bityo bizabyara imbaraga nini zo kurwanya axial.Niba impande zinyuranye zasunitswe kugirango wandike A cyangwa C muri DIN1414, kandi gukata hafi yegereye umurongo wo hagati bifite inguni nziza ya rake, kurwanya gukata birashobora kugabanuka kandi imikorere yo gukata irashobora kunozwa kuburyo bugaragara.
Ukurikije imiterere itandukanye, ibikoresho, imiterere, imikorere, nibindi bikoresho byakazi, bits ya drill irashobora kugabanwa mubwoko bwinshi, nkibikoresho byihuta byuma byuma (byumye bikaranze byumye, itsinda ryimyitozo, imyitozo ya tekinike), karbide yibanze ya sima. Imyitozo ya bits, ironderero itobora umwobo, umwobo wimbitse, umwitozo wo guteramo hamwe na bits yo guhinduranya.
2、Kumena imitwe no gukuramo chip
Gukata biti ya myitozo bikorwa mu mwobo ufunganye, kandi imitwe igomba gusohorwa binyuze mu gikata cyo gukata bito, bityo imiterere ya chip ikagira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yo gutobora bito.Imiterere ya chip isanzwe irimo chip ya flake, chip tubles, chip inshinge, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bizunguruka, ibyuma bya lente, imashini imeze nkabafana, chipi yifu, nibindi.
Urufunguzo rwo gucukura - kugenzura chip
Iyo imiterere ya chip idakwiriye, ibibazo bikurikira bizabaho:
①Imipira myiza ihagarika inkombe, bigira ingaruka kumyitozo, kugabanya ubuzima bwimyitozo, ndetse no kumena bito (nkibishishwa byifu, imipanga imeze nkabafana, nibindi).
②Imipira miremire izengurutsa biti ya myitozo, ibuza gukora, itera kwangiza bito cyangwa kubuza gutema amazi kwinjira mu mwobo (nka chip spiral, chip lente, nibindi).
Nigute ushobora gukemura ikibazo cyimiterere ya chip idakwiye:
①Gukuraho chip no gukuramo chip birashobora kunozwa mukongera igipimo cyibiryo, ibiryo byigihe kimwe, gusya kuruhande, gushiraho chip breaker, nibindi, hamwe cyangwa hamwe, kugirango bikemure ibibazo biterwa na chip.
②Imyitozo ya chip yabigize umwuga irashobora gukoreshwa mugucukura.Kurugero, igishushanyo mbonera cya chip yamenetse yongewe mumashanyarazi ya biti kugirango bamenagure ibice byoroshye.Imyanda igomba gusohoka neza mu mwobo nta nkomyi mu mwobo.Kubwibyo, imyitozo mishya ya chip yameneka igera ku ngaruka nziza yo gukata kuruta imyitozo gakondo.
Muri icyo gihe, icyuma kigufi gisakaye cyorohereza coolant gutembera aho imyitozo, bikarushaho kunoza ingaruka zo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe no kugabanya imikorere mugihe cyo kuyitunganya.Byongeye kandi, kubera ko icyongeweho gishya cya chip yamenetse cyinjiye muri ruhago yose ya bito, imiterere n'imikorere birashobora gukomeza kuboneka nyuma yinshuro nyinshi zo gusya.Usibye kunoza imikorere yavuzwe haruguru, birakwiye ko tuvuga ko igishushanyo gishimangira ubukana bwumubiri wimyitozo kandi cyongera cyane umubare wibyobo byacukuwe mbere yo gusya kimwe.
3、Gucukura neza
Ubusobekerane bwumwobo bugizwe ahanini nibintu nkubunini bwumwobo, umwanya uhagaze neza, coaxiality, kuzenguruka, ububobere bwubuso hamwe na burr burr.
Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumyenge igomba gutunganywa mugihe cyo gucukura:
①Kwizirika neza no kugabanya ibihe byimyitozo, nkabafite ibikoresho, kugabanya umuvuduko, igipimo cyibiryo, guca amazi, nibindi.
②Ingano ya bito nuburyo, nkuburebure bwa bito, imiterere yuruhande, imiterere yibanze, nibindi.
③Imiterere yakazi, nkuburyo bwa orifice, imiterere ya orifice, ubunini, imiterere ya clamping, nibindi.
Counterbore
Gusubiramo biterwa no guhindagura imyitozo mugihe cyo gutunganya.Kuzunguruka kw'igikoresho gifata bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri diameter y'umwobo no kumenya neza neza umwobo.Kubwibyo, mugihe ibikoresho bifata byambaye cyane, igikoresho gishya kigomba gusimburwa mugihe.Iyo ucukura umwobo muto, biragoye gupima no guhindura swing, nibyiza rero gukoresha imyitozo ngufi ya shank ntoya ya diametre hamwe na coaxiality nziza hagati yicyuma na shanki.Iyo ukoresheje imyitozo ya regrind kugirango utunganyirize, impamvu yo kugabanuka kwukuri kwumwobo ahanini biterwa na asimmetrie yimiterere yinyuma.Igenzura ryuburebure bwurugero rushobora kubuza neza gusubiramo umwobo.
Kuzenguruka umwobo
Bitewe no kunyeganyega kwa biti, umwobo wacukuwe biroroshye kuba ufite abagore benshi, kandi urukuta rwumwobo rugaragara nkuburyo bubiri.Imyobo isanzwe igizwe na mpandeshatu cyangwa pentagonal.Impamvu yumwobo wa mpandeshatu nuko biti ya myitozo ifite santere ebyiri zizunguruka mugihe cyo gucukura, kandi zinyeganyega mugihe cyo guhanahana buri 600. Impamvu nyamukuru itera kunyeganyega nuko kurwanya gukata kutaringanijwe.Iyo imyitozo ya biti izunguruka rimwe, bitewe nuburinganire bubi bwumwobo watunganijwe, kurwanywa ntikuringaniza mugihe cya kabiri cyo gutema.Kunyeganyega kwa nyuma byongeye gusubirwamo, ariko icyiciro cyo kunyeganyega gifite gutandukana runaka, gitera imirongo ibiri kurukuta.Iyo ubujyakuzimu bwa burebure bugeze kurwego runaka, guterana hagati yuruhande rwimyitozo nurukuta rwumwobo byiyongera, kunyeganyega biriyongera, kubigiramo uruhare birashira, kandi kuzenguruka biba byiza.Ubu bwoko bw'umwobo ni funnel ikozwe mu gice kirekire.Kubwimpamvu imwe, pentagon na heptagon ibyobo nabyo bishobora kugaragara mugukata.Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikurweho, usibye kugenzura ibintu nko kunyeganyega kwa collet, guca itandukaniro ry’uburebure, hamwe n’imiterere idasanzwe y’inyuma n’icyuma, hagomba kandi gufatwa ingamba zo kunoza ubukana bwa bito, kongera igipimo cy’ibiryo kuri impinduramatwara, gabanya inguni yinyuma, hanyuma usya inkombe.
Gucukura umwobo ahantu hahanamye no hejuru
Iyo gukata hejuru cyangwa gucukura unyuze hejuru yimyitozo ya biti iragoramye, iragoramye cyangwa ikandagiye, imyanya ihagaze ni mibi.Muri iki gihe, imyitozo ya bito yaciwe kuruhande rumwe rwa radial, igabanya ubuzima bwigikoresho.
Kunoza neza aho imyanya ihagaze, ingamba zikurikira zirashobora gufatwa:
①Banza ucukure umwobo wo hagati.
②.Gusya intebe yumwobo hamwe nurusyo rwanyuma.
③Imyitozo bito hamwe no kwinjira neza no gukomera bizatoranywa.
④Mugabanye umuvuduko wo kugaburira.
Burr
Mugihe cyo gucukura, burrs izagaragara ku bwinjiriro no gusohoka mu mwobo, cyane cyane iyo gutunganya ibikoresho hamwe nisahani yoroheje ifite ubukana bwinshi.Impamvu nuko mugihe imyitozo ya biti igiye gucukamo, ibikoresho bizatunganywa bizaba bifite deformasique.Muri iki gihe, igice cya mpandeshatu kigomba gutemwa nuruhande rwimyitozo hafi yinyuma yinyuma izahindurwa kandi yunamye hanze munsi yimbaraga zogukata axial, hanyuma irusheho kugororwa munsi yibikorwa bya chamfer kumpera yinyuma. ya myitozo ya biti no kumpera yumurongo wuruhande, ikora imitoma cyangwa burrs.
4、Uburyo bwo gutunganya gucukura
Urutonde rusange rwibicuruzwa birimo imyitozo ikubiyemo Imbonerahamwe yerekana ibipimo fatizo byo gutema byateganijwe ukurikije ibikoresho byo gutunganya.Abakoresha barashobora guhitamo uburyo bwo guca kubucukuzi bakoresheje ibipimo byo gukata byatanzwe.Niba guhitamo ibihe byo gukata bikwiye bikwiye kugenzurwa byimazeyo mugukata ibigeragezo ukurikije ibintu nko gutunganya neza, gukora neza, ubuzima bwimyitozo, nibindi.
1. Ubuzima buke no gutunganya neza
Mu rwego rwo kuzuza ibisabwa bya tekiniki byakazi bigomba gutunganywa, imikoreshereze ikwiye yimyitozo igomba gupimwa byimazeyo ukurikije ubuzima bwa serivisi hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya imyitozo.Intera yo kugabanya irashobora gutoranywa nkurutonde rwo gusuzuma ubuzima bwa serivisi;Kugaburira umuvuduko birashobora gutoranywa nkurutonde rwo gusuzuma imikorere.Kubyuma byihuta byimyitozo ya bits, ubuzima bwumurimo wa biti bitwarwa cyane nihuta ryizunguruka, kandi ntibigerwaho cyane nigipimo cyibiryo kuri revolution.Kubwibyo, imikorere yimashini irashobora kunozwa mukongera igipimo cyibiryo kuri revolution, mugihe ubuzima burebure bwimyitozo bito.Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko niba igipimo cyibiryo kuri revolution ari kinini cyane, chip izabyimba, bitera ingorane zo kumena chip.Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe kumenya igipimo cyigaburo ryibiryo kuri buri mpinduramatwara kugirango chip igabanuke binyuze mu kugabanya ibigeragezo.Kubisima bya karbide ya sima, hari chamfer nini mu cyerekezo kibi cya rake inguni yo guca inyuma, kandi igipimo cyo kugaburira ibiryo kuri buri mpinduramatwara ni gito ugereranije nicyuma cyihuta cyane.Niba igipimo cyo kugaburira impinduramatwara kirenze iyi ntera mugihe cyo gutunganya, ubuzima bwa serivisi ya biti izagabanuka.Nkuko ubushyuhe bwa karbide ya sima ya sima isumba iy'icyuma cyihuta cyane, umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka ntugira ingaruka nke mubuzima bwa biti.Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kongera umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka burashobora gukoreshwa kugirango tunonosore uburyo bwo gutunganya karbide ya sima kandi byemeze ubuzima bwa biti.
2. Gukoresha mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro amazi
Imyitozo ya biti yaciwe mu mwobo ufunganye, bityo ubwoko bwo guca amazi nuburyo bwo gutera inshinge bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima bwa biti ya drill hamwe no gutunganya neza umwobo.Gukata amazi birashobora kugabanywamo amazi-adashonga kandi adashobora gushonga.Amazi adashobora gushonga yo gukata afite amavuta meza, guhindagurika no kurwanya adhesion, kandi afite n'umurimo wo gukumira ingese.Amazi yo gukata amazi afite ibintu byiza byo gukonjesha, nta mwotsi kandi nta gucana.Mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije, amazi yo gukata amazi akoreshwa cyane mu myaka yashize.Ariko, niba igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwamazi yogukata amazi adakwiye cyangwa amazi yo gukata yangirika, ubuzima bwibikoresho buzagabanuka cyane, bityo rero hagomba kwitonderwa mugukoresha.Yaba amazi-ashonga cyangwa amazi adashobora gukata amazi yo gukata, amazi yo gukata agomba kugera aho gukata gukoreshwa byuzuye, kandi umuvuduko, umuvuduko, umubare wa nozzles, uburyo bwo gukonjesha (gukonjesha imbere cyangwa hanze), nibindi byamazi yo gukata bigomba kugenzurwa cyane.
5、Kongera gukara bito
Urubanza rwo gusubiramo imyitozo
Ibipimo byo kugarura imyitozo bito ni:
①Kwambara ingano yo gukata, kwambukiranya impande no kumpande;
②Uburinganire bwukuri hamwe nubuso bwubuso bwumwobo wakozwe;
③Ibara n'imiterere ya chip;
④Gukata birwanya (kuzunguruka, urusaku, kunyeganyega nizindi ndangagaciro zitaziguye);
⑤Ingano yo gutunganya, nibindi
Mu mikoreshereze nyayo, ibipimo nyabyo kandi byoroshye bigomba kugenwa uhereye ku bipimo byavuzwe haruguru ukurikije ibihe byihariye.Iyo amafaranga yo kwambara akoreshwa nkigipimo, igihe cyiza cyo kugarura ubukungu kigomba kuboneka.Kubera ko ibice byingenzi byo gusya ari inyuma yumutwe nu mpande zitambitse, nko kwambara cyane kwimyitozo ya biti, kwambara cyane kuruhande, ubwinshi bwo gusya, no kugabanya inshuro zo kugaruka (serivisi zose ubuzima bwigikoresho = ubuzima bwa serivisi bwigikoresho nyuma yo kwisubiraho× Guhindura ibihe), kurundi ruhande, bizagabanya igihe cyose cyumurimo wa biti bito;Iyo ibipimo byerekana neza umwobo ugomba gutunganywa bikoreshwa nkurwego rwo guca imanza, igipimo cyinkingi cyangwa igipimo ntarengwa kigomba gukoreshwa kugirango harebwe uko kwaguka gukata no kutagororoka kw’umwobo.Igiciro cyo kugenzura kirenze, gusya bigomba gukorwa ako kanya;Iyo kurwanya gukata gukoreshwa nkibipimo byurubanza, birashobora guhita bihagarikwa ako kanya iyo birenze igipimo cyagenwe (nka spindle current);Iyo imicungire yimipaka ntarengwa yemejwe, ibikubiye mu rubanza byavuzwe haruguru bigomba guhuzwa kandi hagashyirwaho ibipimo byurubanza.
Uburyo bwo gusya bito
Iyo wongeye gukarisha imyitozo, nibyiza gukoresha igikoresho cyihariye cyimashini cyangwa imashini isya ibikoresho rusange, nibyingenzi cyane kugirango ubuzima bwa serivisi no gutunganya neza imyitozo.Niba ubwoko bwambere bwo gucukura bumeze neza, birashobora gusubirana ukurikije ubwoko bwambere bwo gucukura;Niba ubwoko bwimyitozo bwumwimerere bufite inenge, imiterere yinyuma irashobora kunozwa neza kandi impande zombi zishobora gusya ukurikije intego yo gukoresha.
Witondere ingingo zikurikira mugihe usya:
①Irinde ubushyuhe bukabije kandi ugabanye ubukana buke.
②Ibyangiritse kuri biti (cyane cyane ibyangiritse kumpera yicyuma) bizakurwaho burundu.
③Ubwoko bw'imyitozo bugomba kuba buhwanye.
④Witondere kutangiza inkombe mugihe cyo gusya, kandi ukureho burr nyuma yo gusya.
⑤Kuri sima ya karbide ya bits ya bits, imiterere yo gusya igira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ya bito.Ubwoko bwimyitozo iyo uvuye muruganda nibyiza kuboneka binyuze mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi no kugerageza inshuro nyinshi, ubwoko bwumwimerere rero bugomba kubikwa mugihe cyo gusya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-19-2022
